Science Corner - California's Biodiversity!

Kristie Ehrhardt • September 11, 2025

The term biodiversity refers to the medley of life on Earth.  California is one of only 36 global regions that are so incredibly biologically rich and ecologically significant that they are called biological hotspots. A biological hotspot is defined as an area containing exceptional concentrations of endemic (found nowhere else on Earth) plants and wildlife species that are experiencing profound rates of loss. Combined, the 36 identified biodiversity hotspots encompass only three percent of the entire Earth’s surface.


If I’m being shamefully honest, from time to time when I think about California I picture the construction on Highway 50, Sacramento International Airport or Disneyland.  But get out of suburbia and you can’t help but appreciate the ecological treasure that California is. We have high and low deserts, we have mountain tops that were once on the ocean floor, some that were shaped by glaciers and one volcano that erupted as recently as the early 1900’s. We have fertile farmland, grasslands, oak woodlands and conifer forests. Our coast lines range from rocky with harsh waves to soft, sandy beaches. We host the lowest elevation (which coincidentally also happens to be the hottest place on the Earth) and the highest elevation - both within the contiguous 48 states. California is home to the most massive trees, the tallest trees and the oldest trees in the world. We boast stunning wildflower displays and vernal pools with flora and fauna found nowhere else on Earth. I could go on and on…


Now, think of the diverse ecosystems found in these regions. Think about what organisms they support from microscopic bacteria and fungi to Black Bears and Northern Elephant Seals and everything in between. California not only has the highest number of species of any state in the US but it also has the highest number of endemic (those only occurring here) species of all the United States.  We have over 1,000 species of native vertebrates with 65% of those being found only in California, over 6,500 species of plants with over 2,000 species endemic to California, 52 species of cone bearing trees with 14 of those being endemic and 30,000 species of insects with over 1,600 species of native bees which are exceptionally important to our agricultural industry. California is the epitome of BIODIVERSITY.


A bit more bragging on California - our great state also supports over 30% of all the plant and vertebrate species in all of the United States but sadly, roughly 30% of our species are threatened by extinction. California 30x30, a statewide initiative to conserve 30% of California’s lands and waters by the year 2030. You can also help celebrate California’s biodiversity by participating in California Biodiversity Day on September 7, 2025. But! The party doesn’t stop there, you can participate in events the entire week of September 6 through the 14th. Click
here to find a list of events, including Tuleyome’s Bio Blitz for the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument! You don’t have to travel to celebrate though, you can go look for spiders in your backyard or birds in a nearby park. Each of your observations and photos entered into iNaturalist helps enrich the database for the 30x30 initiative! 


Also, just in case you were wondering…

  • The high deserts of California include the Mojave with its iconic Joshua Trees and the Great Basin which gets most of its precipitation from snow. High deserts are characterized by cold nights and hot and windy days. 
  • California’s low desert is the Sonoran desert which is hot, receives monsoonal moisture and is characterized by the presence of the saguaro cacti.
  • Snow Mountain was once a mid-ocean seamount (an underwater volcano). As tectonic plates moved around, one slid under the other (subduction) and the seamount was buried. Later tectonic forces brought the volcano back to the surface which is what we know today as the “island in the sky”.
  • Lassen Peak was the most recent volcanic eruption to occur in California from 1914-1917.
  • There are others but perhaps one the most notorious (or maybe it’s just my favorite) mountains displaying glacial erosion is Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. 
  • Death Valley is not only the hottest place on Earth, it also has the distinct honor of being the hottest, driest and lowest (282 feet below sea level) place in North America. Who’s up for a road trip? It’s actually an extremely special place and you should visit but please research and plan ahead!
  • Mount Whitney is the highest peak in the continental United States at 14,505 feet above sea level.
  • The most massive trees in the world are the Giant Sequoias
  • The tallest trees in the world are the Coastal Redwoods
  • The oldest trees in the world are the Bistlecone Pines 


-Kristie Ehrhardt (kehrhardt@tuleyome.org)

Tuleyome Land Conservation Program Manager

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September 11, 2025
For Immediate Release: September 11, 2025  Contact: Nate Lillge, 530-379-8697, nlillge@tuleyome.org Trump Attacks Public Lands, Again Trump Proposes to Eliminate Public Lands Protections through Executive Action Woodland, CA – Yesterday, the Administration furthered their attack on America's public lands by directing the elimination of the Public Lands Rule . This is another step in the Administration’s wholesale assault on our public lands in clear opposition to the will of the people. The Public Lands Rule protects our treasured, multi-use landscapes so they'll be there tomorrow. The Rule recognizes that conservation is a type of land use, along with grazing, timber production, energy development, and recreation. Built on decades of management experience and guided by science and data, the rule provides land managers with essential tools to maintain our public lands, ensure access and protect our resources while supporting the diverse ways that communities depend on public lands. "The Public Lands Rule improves the management of our public lands, empowering the Bureau of Land Management to focus management on the needs of the lands where they work," says Sandra Schubert, Tuleyome Executive Director. "Rescinding the Public Lands Rule will rip authority from local land managers to place it in the hands of D.C. bureaucrats whose main goal is to sell our public lands to the highest bidder. All this in opposition to the overwhelming support for our public lands and their protection." By removing the Public Lands Rule, the Administration is failing ranchers and rural communities. Decision after decision made by this Administration has focused on short-term profit, extraction, and selling public lands to private entities. Supporting rural communities, the backbone of our economy and food systems, means ensuring farmers and ranchers have healthy lands they can depend on. It means empowering local BLM managers who understand what their communities need to thrive and provide for the American people. Overused lands don't recover. Degraded grasslands can't support cattle. Clearcut forests take decades to regrow. Contaminated watersheds poison communities for generations. True support for rural communities means embracing the Public Lands Rule. That is exactly why the American people want and support the Public Lands Rule. The Rule has overwhelming support. When given the chance to comment on the Public Lands Rule, more than 150,000 Americans did – 92% in support. When ranchers, recreationists, and resource companies all depend on the same lands, we recognize that we must use them responsibly to ensure they stay productive for everyone. The choice is clear: Protect our public lands for current and future generations, or consume everything now and leave nothing behind. Without the Public Lands Rule, our cherished landscapes lose protection and one of our greatest treasures, our public lands, is at risk.
By Sandra Schubert September 11, 2025
On July 10, 2025, we gathered to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument with the people who worked to establish the Monument in 2015 and add Molok Luyuk to it in 2024. We gathered in Lake County. The event began at the Tallman Hotel with folks gathering, speakers, trivia, food, videos, celebration and music by the Rural Jazz Project. We had folks from throughout the region – the Bay Area to Chico, Ukiah to Sacramento…. We had our partners at the Bureau of Land Management, local government representatives and all aspects of our broad coalition – conservationists, scientists, hunters, hikers, and community members, and more. The presentations and speakers were amazing. Tuleyome put together a reel of Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument highlights . I was privileged to emcee the event and welcome our speakers and guests. We were honored to have Tribal leadership. Michael Marcks, Vice Chairperson, Executive Council, Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake graced us with opening prayer. Vice Chairman Michael Marcks was joined in providing remarks by Vice Chair Eddie Crandell, Vice Chairman for the Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians and Lake County Supervisor . Gail Totton, Tribal Resources Manager for the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation , the lead for the addition of Molok Luyuk to the Monument, shared their thoughts on the anniversary and Molok Luyuk. U.S. Senator Alex Padilla spoke to us via video and emphasized the importance of our efforts and our public lands. Luca Moretti read a statement on behalf of Representative Mike Thompson , a legendary champion of public lands, who commended us all and provided Tuleyome with a Certificate of Special Congressional Recognition . We were surprised and flattered with the honor bestowed upon us. Representative Jared Huffman, Ranking Member of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources , also spoke to us about his efforts to defend our public lands. Our state and local representatives also joined us. Rhiannon Philippi delivered remarks for California Senate President Pro Tempore Mike McGuire. California Senator Christopher Cabaldon spoke to us via video and Sergio Emmanuel Ildefonso Zarate on his staff celebrated with us. Assemblymember Cecilia Aguiar-Curry led a legislative resolution supporting the Monument, which was read by Laura Beltran . Many of our local Supervisors also celebrated with us. Brad Ramussen, Lake County Board of Supervisors , shared his insights. Lucas Frerichs, Yolo County Board of Supervisors , spoke to us and sponsored a Yolo County Board of Supervisor's resolution that was read by Bryan Pride, Tuleyome’s Policy Director . Neal Craig, BLM, Ukiah Field Office Manager , and our partners in protecting this amazing area, joined us and spoke to our collaboration. Interspersed with our speakers, Sara Husby, Tuleyome’s Executive Director when the Monument was established, led us in a series of trivia questions penned by Tuleyome’s own Kristie Ehrhardt. The depth of knowledge of our coalition shone through. And, it was fun. We hope folks enjoyed the prizes. Closing out the event were leaders in the conservation movement. José Gonzalez, founder and emeritus Executive Director of Latino Outdoors , offered his insights on the importance of public lands to all of our communities. Bob Schneider and Andrew Fulks , Tuleyome Co-founders and Tuleyome Advisory Council Members, shared the history of the movement and some stories, bringing us full circle, from the time when the idea of a Monument was a spark in their eyes to the establishment and expansion of the Monument. After the event at the Tallman, many of us headed to Middle Creek Campground, a few miles away for some nighttime fun. There was a nature walk with botany, forest bathing, star gazing, owling, s’mores, camping and laughter. I learned new ways of making s’mores, including a toasted marshmallow with a mini peanut butter cup tucked inside. Delicious! And, as a reminder of how wonderful our coalition is, there was an animal rescue. The morning after the event, many of us went to Judy’s Junction in Upper lake for breakfast. When I arrived with my mom, who had joined us, we saw numerous people under the hood of Jora’s car – Nick, Brendan, Karah, Isobel, Jora and a pair of legs sticking out from under the vehicle that I did not recognize. They were searching for a kitty that had lodged itself in Jora’s engine area. After much hullabaloo, the kitty ran – fast. We all thought – no, not over the highway! But, the little scamp jumped into another newly parked car engine. The chivalrous owner opened his hood and let us at it. I didn’t do much. I offered my shirt as a barrier to the hot engine. The heroes were the others. Folks from inside the diner pitched in, but it was our coalition to the rescue – the folks above and then Kim showed up. I’m not sure how, after all the time and efforts, but she was finally able to reach in and rescue the kitty. I saw her pull the little ebony guy out, hug him and rub her face against his. And I knew – he was no longer abandoned; he had a forever home. And, I was right, the little guy is now living with Kim and her family. I didn’t need the confirmation, but watching our group spend a couple of hours rescuing that little creature reminded me why I love this community. We care – all of us – about the life, the place and the creatures we live with. All of them. Big and small. None of this would have been possible without our generous sponsors: CalWild, Conservation Lands Foundation, Defenders of Wildlife, Sierra Club National, Sierra Club Redwood Chapter, Tallman Hotel and Tuleyome. Thank you so much for your continuing support of Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument and all of our public lands. And thanks to all of you – everyone at the celebration, those who could not join us, and the kitty rescue team. You are what community is. I am honored to be part of ours. -Sandra Schubert Executive Director
By Nate Lillge September 11, 2025
Tuleyome is excited to welcome Mary Lamborn as our Communications Intern. She will working closely with Tuleyome staff to increase Tuleyome's outreach and positive impact on public lands in the northern Inner Coast Range Mountains and western Sacramento Valley. Mary is a recent graduate of UC Davis with a B.S. in Environmental Policy Analysis and Planning. As a native of the northern Inner Coast Range, she has deep ties to the region and spent time on the trails and waterways in Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument. Welcome, Mary!