Enjoying Outside, Inside - Hydroponic Gardens

Kristie Ehrhardt • March 7, 2024

Photo by HGTV.com

If you would like to grow your own salad bowl but don’t have space or want to deal with soil, an indoor hydroponic garden system might be exactly what you’re looking for. Hydroponic gardens are grown in water without soil. Plants are suspended over a tank of water while their roots hang down into the water and absorb nutrients. Plants grown hydroponically grow faster and often yield a larger bounty of in and off season produce than those grown in a typical outdoor garden. They use much less water and space and it doesn’t matter what the weather or outdoor temperature is. Another benefit is that you can have weed and pest-free produce without using insecticides or pesticides. To grow hydroponically you’ll need a largish container with a lid, suitable plants, water, nutrients and a light source.

Although you can purchase a premade hydroponic gardening system, making your own isn’t complicated or expensive. The easiest style to make is call a “deep water culture” and uses either a five-gallon bucket or a plastic storage tub to hold the water and nutrients, just do ensure that the container is food safe. You should choose a container that is roughly the size that the mature plant’s canopy will be. If you’re growing several leafy plants, a larger container will be needed. You’ll need a support or shelf to hold the plants in their pots above the water. If you’re using a bucket or storage container, just drill holes in the lid so the pots can dangle through the lid. The hole should be large enough for most of the pot to fit through but not fall completely through the hole.

As far as pots go, net pot, pots with slits along the sides of them work well and allow space for the roots to expand and reach the water below. There are several substrate options for inside the pots including rockwool, coconut coir, perlite, pumace and gravel. Some of them can be reused while some of them are more or less expensive.

If you’re growing inside the house, you’ll likely need an artificial light source and this might be the most complicated part of hydroponic gardening. LED and fluorescent lights are the easiest to set up. LED lights are very long lasting and energy efficient but they are more expensive. Fluorescent lights are cheaper but they have a shorter life and some of them do not emit the full spectrum. Some fluorescent bulbs emit mainly blue light which works if you’re only growing leafy greens. The red end of the spectrum helps plants to develop sturdier stems to support flowers and fruit. If your garden is easily to relocate, you can put it outside in the summer but that doesn’t really count as enjoying outside, inside!

The roots will need to have access to the air. If you’re using a smaller set up like the bucket or storage tub, make sure that a portion of the pot is above the water level to allow the roots to access to air. Once the roots have developed, only allow about 1/3 to 1/2 half of the root length to be submerged by lowering the water level of the container. If you’re growing several types of plants with different root lengths, an aquarium air stone connected to a pump will push oxygen into the water. If you have a very large set up with multiple containers, you may need to consider a system using tubing which circulates and aerates the water as it passes from the containers to a reservoir.

You’ll also need to check the condition of your water, specifically looking at the acidity (PH) and the alkalinity. The ideal PH range is 5.4 to 7 and anything higher or lower than this range will affect how the plants utilize the nutrients from the water. You can test the PH of the water with testing paper and then add the appropriate fertilizer to balance it out. Keep in mind that ammonium or urea-based fertilizer will make the water more acid (lower PH) and nitrate-based fertilizers make it more basic (higher PH). The water should be tested every few weeks. Alkalinity is the presence of bicarbonate in the water; hard water is usually more alkaline. Nitrate-based fertilizers will increase this. Using acid-based fertilizers that will lower the PH will help reduce the alkalinity of the water. You can also add citric, phosphoric, or sulfuric acid or vinegar to the water to help lower the PH. You can also use bottled reverse osmosis filtered water if your tap water is alkaline.

Plants require nutrients to develop and only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are present in a hydroponic system. Large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed as well as smaller amounts of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, iron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, boron, chlorine and nickel must also be added. There are lots of premixed liquid and dry fertilizers tailored to different vegetables to choose from with label directions for precise measuring. If you add or completely change the water, be sure to test it for PH and alkalinity and then add the appropriate amount of fertilizer for the amount of fresh water added or replaced.

Some plants that are great for novice hydroponic gardeners include leafy greens like lettuce, spinach, swiss chard, kale, chives, basil and mustards and if you have space, you can grow lots of different fruits such as strawberries, cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes and many more. Because these plants (and many others) are self-pollinating, they can produce fruit while being grown indoors without the presence of pollinators. In fact, some commercial growers are producing these fruits hydroponically for market.  And, if you’re really invested and want to branch out into a bigger and more complex system, you can grow root vegetables like carrots and beets as well as broccoli and cauliflower.

-Kristie Ehrhardt ( kehrhardt@tuleyome.org )

Tuleyome Land Conservation Program Manager

Looking for more articles like this? Click the hashtag below!

RECENT ARTICLES

By Nate Lillge • November 10, 2026
Tuleyome, the expert organization on the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument, is offering a multi-week Certified California Naturalist course in early 2027. Instruction focuses on the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument region while providing participants with skills and resources that are applicable anywhere to increase their knowledge, understanding, and enjoyment of the natural world. The Certified California Naturalist course is presented by Tuleyome in partnership with the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. This 8-week course is offered from January to March in 2027, with classes occurring on eight consecutive Fridays plus at least three field trips. Friday classes will be held in downtown Woodland with field trips to northern Inner Coast Range Mountains and western Sacramento Valley. No advanced degrees or previous naturalist experience is required. The UC California Naturalist Program introduces Californians to the wonders of our unique ecology and engages the public in study and stewardship of California’s natural communities. The program uses a science curriculum, hands-on learning, problem-solving, citizen science, and community service to instill a deep appreciation for the natural communities of the state and to inspire individuals to become stewards of their local resources. In addition to in-person instruction, students are required to attend field trips in the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument region. Field trips consist of low-impact walking trips and auto-tours, so they are suitable for all fitness levels. Impromptu walks are also often provided by the instructors as time permits to give participants even more experience in the field. More information is available on our website . Questions about the course should be directed to Nate Lillge at nlillge@tuleyome.org .
By Nate Lillge • November 10, 2026
With the arrival of cooler temperatures, Tuleyome has been able to get people outside to enjoy the Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument Region. Cowboy Camp, located a mile south of CA-20 on CA-16, is a great starting point for anyone exploring the BLM-managed lands between Cache Creek and Bear Creek. As it's name suggests, it is very popular with equestrians but is also a great place for bird watchers, hunters, hikers, mountain bikers, and astronomers. In October, Tuleyome's Program Director, Nate Lillge, led a small but adventurous group on a 9-mile hike through Craig Canyon and Thompson Canyon. Despite hearing reports and seeing signs of Tule Elk, the herd remained illusive. True to the areas name, however, many horses were seen on the trail and in Bear Creek. Pictures from the hike are available on Flickr . Tuleyome co-founder and member of Tuleyome's Advisory Council, Andrew Fulks led a crew at Valley Vista Regional Park to continue our trail work with Yolo County. We were excited to be joined by seasoned trail crew members and gratefully surprised that Bob Schneider, another co-founder and member of Tuleyome's Advisory Council, joined us! Check out the workday photos here . Be sure to check out our upcoming events ! We look forward to seeing you on the trail soon!
By Kristie Ehrhardt • November 10, 2026
I genuinely want to go, I have wanted to for years but I annually find myself looking at the calendar and open-palm smacking my forehead because I let it slip past me again. In case you haven’t deduced by the title, I’m talking about the Sandhill Crane Festival! I think my delinquency issue stems from the fact the arrival of the cranes coincides with my daughter’s arrival date as well. Apparently little kid birthday party planning consumed any of the surplus space left in my brain after working all week. Over the years she’s had delightful birthday parties with her little buddies at the charming and educational Folsom Zoo Sanctuary (that one was my favorite), the quintessential Sacramento lil’ kid party spots like Funderland and Fairytale Town, and a stinky bouncy house place that smelled like dirty socks and sweaty little kids. Unfortunately, while being deep into her girly-girl era and following the sub-teen status quo, my kiddo never wanted a destination birthday party at a festival for big, gray birds. Consequently, during the crane’s advent, I was always knee deep in cupcakes and party favors; but, seeing as how this year she’s turning 24 (time goes way too fast!) I find myself relatively unrestricted for at least a bit of the jubilee and so I shall finally go. The Sandhill Crane Festival began in 1997 through a partnership with the Lodi Sandhill Crane Association, the City of Lodi, the Lodi Chamber of Commerce, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and a throng of local volunteers and fellow crane enthusiasts. The goal of the festival was, and still is, to promote Sandhill Crane conservation focusing primarily on California’s Delta region. The Delta is where the saltwater from the San Francisco Bay combines with freshwater from major rivers such as the Sacramento and the San Joaquin (along with other smaller waterways), creating the largest estuary on the West Coast. This ecosystem is a vital piece of the Pacific Flyway - one of four flightpaths for migrating birds in North America. The Pacific Flyway reaches from the Arctic tundra in Alaska south to Patagonia in South America. This flyway belt is about 4,000 miles long and 1,000 miles wide. Without conservation efforts here the birds traveling thousands of miles twice a year would have a tough time surviving the trip if the refueling and resting stops were not available to them or healthy enough to support the cranes and the other one billion birds that use the flyway biannually. Sandhill Cranes ( Antigone canadensis ) are hard to miss. They stand about five feet tall and have wingspans that range between five and seven feet - equivalent to Michael Jordan and LeBron James. They usually weigh-in around twelve pounds; that’s like a gallon of paint taking to the sky for about 2,000 miles. If their stature doesn’t impress you, their voices will. Their rolling, reverberating calls are a result of their anatomy. Their trachea (wind pipe) is very long and coils around their breastbone which lowers the pitch and amplifies the sound. Sandhill Cranes are social and live in pairs with their life-long mates or in family groups. When it's time for them to journey north or south, large groups of unrelated cranes congregate to migrate, forage and roost together as one large group. They’re among the oldest living birds in North America with fossils dating back an estimated two and a half million years ago; most modern-day birds’ lineages are estimated to be less than two million years old. Beginning in October, thousands of them begin to arrive here in the Central Valley from their northern breeding grounds to spend the winter months. Cranes are impressive aviators and take advantage of thermals to conserve energy on their journey. Some individuals can cover 500 miles a day! They fly with their necks and legs extended creating quite a spectacle in the sky with their silhouettes and their voices. Lodi isn’t the only place that celebrates Sandhill Cranes; Monte Vista, Colorado and the Hiwassee Wildlife Refuge in Tennessee also host Sandhill Crane Festivals! If you’re interested in viewing these living dinosaurs here at home, pack up the family and of course your binoculars and take the short drive to Lodi. The festival is centered at the Hutchins Street Community Center at 125 S Hutchins Street, Lodi, CA and officially kicks off on November 6th and continues all weekend wrapping up on the 8th. But wait, there’s more (!) - there are some bonus pre-festival tours scheduled for November 4th and 5th. Admission is free for the main indoor exhibit hall, lectures and vendor areas and paid tickets are required for guided tours, boat cruises, workshops and special events. Tours include the Woodbridge Ecological Preserve, Staten Island and surrounding natural areas. The tours help educate visitors about how wildlife preserves and agricultural lands alike provide critical wintering habitat for resident and migratory bird species and highlight the presence of this magnificent and enduring species. They’re only here for a short while and if you’d like to come eye to eye with a five foot tall bird wearing the most spectacular scarlet crown you’ve ever seen, visit the festival with other Sandhill Crane aficionados. If you can’t make it that weekend, you can still see the cranes by visiting the Woodbridge Ecological Reserve and/or the Cosumnes River Preserve from October through February. Please note before you go that you will need a Lands Pass or a hunting or fishing license to enter the Woodbridge Ecological Reserve. To learn more about the festival and to book a tour, view scheduled presentations and workshops, learn more about the art show, vendors or exhibits, please visit https://lodisandhillcrane.org/about-the-festival/ . Back to the birthday parties… my kiddo just graduated with a biology degree and I know for a fact that she would now be thrilled to celebrate her birthday with the Sandhill Cranes! Times do change, Sandhill Cranes, it turns out, do not.